Getting caught up in the game: managing non-formal dynamics in the remediation of contaminated sediments in Oslo harbor

This study aims at describing, analyzing and evaluating the relation between management styles and process dynamics of a complex planning process confronted with unexpected dynamics. The development of an aquatic disposal site for dredged contaminated sediments in Oslo was managed by a project management style focused on timely and cost-effective implementation. Coupling the remediation project with another infrastructural project and the actual construction of the site led to unexpected dynamics in terms of resistance and controversy. Project management had difficulties in adjusting its style accordingly, resulting in even more delay and resistance. Managing complex planning projects requires a style suitable to the characteristics of the project and the capability of adjusting it to changing circumstances. The paper concludes with some explanations why it is difficult to change management styles in complex planning and implementation processes and complexity-embracing approaches to deal with this.     

The influence of the level of definition of functional specifications on the environmental performances of a complex system. EcoCSP approach

The tendency towards a homogenous mode of development modelled on that of Western countries means that sustainable development has become increasingly urgent. It is necessary to thoroughly redefine products and their expected performances in such a way that the consequences are compatible with sustainable development. In the domain of product design, this means that it is no longer sufficient to use assessment tools “after the fact” to check the impact of products whose functional unit (FU) was defined prior to production; it is now necessary to rethink the definition of the FU itself. This article aims to present an approach based on a combination of life cycle analysis methods and problem-solving by constraint satisfaction. This original approach makes it possible to vary the design of the different dimensions of the FUs of a complex system and thus to make it easier to identify the best architecture along with the best functional definition of the system. In this study, the EcoCSP approach is applied to define the functional performances of an ecological passenger ferry. The complexity of couplings between subsystems and the sheer number of those subsystems mean that the designer has to use “intelligent” tools. These simulate a great number of scenarios and help him/her to fine-tune the system and make the right technological choices with regard to the right functional specifications.     

高岭石、针铁矿及其二元体对胡敏酸的吸附特性

研究了高岭石、针铁矿及其混合物(KGM)和复合物(KGC)的表面性质及吸附胡敏酸的特性.结果表明,4种物质的比表面积(SSA)表现为针铁矿KGCKGM高岭石,KGM的SSA接近两种纯物质的平均值,而KGC的SSA明显升高.高岭石、针铁矿、KGM和KGC的等电点(IEP)分别为3.2、7.9、6.1和6.7;初始p H=5.0时,其表面Zeta电位分别为-13.9、38.2、14.3和19.7 m V.4种样品对胡敏酸的动力学吸附过程适合用准二级动力学模型描述,表明化学吸附是主要作用机制.一、二位Langmuir模型可较好地拟合等温吸附数据(R~2为0.962~0.993),其中二位Langmuir模型对KGM和KGC吸附数据的拟合度R~2分别为0.989和0.993;Freundlich模型对等温吸附数据的拟合度较低,但两种二元体的拟合度高于两种纯物质.初始p H=5.0时,高岭石、针铁矿、KGM和KGC对胡敏酸的吸附容量(q_(max))分别为6.02、61.83、35.13和42.10 mg·g~(-1);两种二元体的q_(max)都高于两种纯物质q_(max)的平均值,其中KGC的q_(max)明显升高.热力学参数表明,4种样品对胡敏酸的吸附均属于吸热反应,其中高岭石的吸附为非自发过程,其余样品的吸附为自发过程.     

NGO与地方政府合作参与灾后重建的综合集成模式——以汶川大地震为例

对汶川大地震国外非政府组织NGO的援建工作进行了深入调研;针对国外NGO—国内NGO—当地政府综合集成模式进行了分析。统筹优选三者之间的关系,综合外部、集成内部、统筹环境、优选效益最大化模式,构建了国外NGO与当地政府综合集成模式框架。通过互反馈结构说明灾后重建工程是开放的复杂的巨系统网络结构;并提出运行模式与实践框架;运用统筹优选的方法,分析了国外NGO、国内NGO、当地政府的关系及统筹优选图。     

Effective communication about complex environmental issues: Perceived quality of information about carbon dioxide capture and storage (CCS) depends on stakeholder collaboration

This experimental research addresses the effectiveness of communication about complex environmental issues, depending on whether the same information is provided by multiple collaborating or by individual organizations (i.e., stakeholders). The information provided pertains to carbon dioxide capture and storage (CCS) technology, as an example of a complex environmental issue. In Studies 1 (N = 75) and 2 (N = 66) we found that participants perceived factual information from collaborating stakeholders to be of higher quality than when the same information was provided by individual stakeholders. As predicted, the expectation of diverse perspectives being represented in the collaborative information mediated this effect. In addition, in Study 3 (N = 79) the perceived dissimilarity of collaborating stakeholders was shown to be an important precondition for the collaboration effect observed in Studies 1 and 2. Finally, these studies indicate that occasional collaboration between different stakeholders does not necessarily harm the perceived credibility of each individual stakeholder.     

基于复杂网络的城市燃气输配系统失效因素分析

将复杂网络相关理论方法引入城市燃气输配系统失效因素的分析中。选取引起城市燃气输配系统失效的主要影响因素为节点,以它们之间的相互关系为边,建立网络并进行相关分析。发现节点的度分布近似具有幂律的特性,幂指数为1.76;通过节点度的分析,确定出管道附属设备、用户设施失效、第三方影响破坏等因素为引起输配系统失效的主要原因,与引起燃气事故的统计分析资料基本相符合。这为确定城市燃气输配系统关键失效因素提供了一种新的思路。     

基于复杂系统的民族地区非常规突发事件应急管理研究

民族地区非常规突发事件属罕见非常规突发事件,是典型的复杂系统。传统的应急管理模式不能适应这类具有非线性复杂系统特征的罕见非常规突发事件的应急管理需求。因此,应该将民族地区的各类民族因素和社会特征作为民族地区非常规突发事件应急管理研究的基础变量,并进行复杂性分析,进而构建民族地区非常规突发事件演化规律的可视化仿真模型,然后在PeMS(平行应急管理系统)的基础上实现对该类突发事件应急管理机制的评估、反馈与改进。     

复杂社会技术系统安全控制人因研究的转变趋向

在分析复杂社会技术系统的特征及其事故机制的基础上,总结出目前安全控制的人因研究领域中的4种新趋向:分别是从关注个体因素到关注组织因素;从强调行政控制到呼吁社会控制;从考察近端因子到探讨远端征兆;从考核导向向优化发展导向。四大趋势的转变为系统的安全控制提供了新的视角,也开辟了安全控制研究新的领域。最后,笔者结合4方面的转变,针对我国实际情况提出了相应的企业安全管理建议。     

基于复合生态系统理论的长沙湘江滨水区景观资源评价与优化

近年来，随着我国经济的飞速发展、社会经济的转型，以及人们环境意识的提高，滨水区开发已成为我国城市开发建设的热点。城市滨水区景观规划设计研究对于合理、充分利用城市滨水区景观资源，塑造特色鲜明的城市形象，提高城市生态环境质量，促进城市滨水区开发有着重要意义。从复合生态系统理论的角度，在湘江滨水区景观资源调查、景观资源分类的基础上，运用灰色聚类法对湘江滨水区景观资源进行定量评价，提出景观资源优化思路，探讨滨水区景观规划设计的途径。认为现代城市大规模滨水区更新改造和开发大背景下的城市滨水区景观规划设计，应尊重城市地域性特点、文化内涵和风土人情,并与传统的滨水活动有机结合，保护和突出城市历史格局和风貌特色。     

TiO2光催化处理络合铜废水的实验研究

研究了以悬浮态TiO2为催化剂,在紫外光的作用下对络合铜废水进行光催化反应,分别考察了常温下TiO2投加量、反应时间、废水初始pH值、反应气氛等因素对处理效果的影响,并探讨了反应机理。结果表明:TiO2投加量为2 g/L,废水pH=4,300 W高压汞灯照射下,载入60 mL/min的空气反应40 min,120 mg/L EDTA络合铜废水的Cu(II)与COD的去除率达到最高,分别为96.56%和57.67%。